The June 2000 Lawrence Summers Memorial Award* goes to the authors of an article appearing in the May 18, 2000 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine, "A Comparison of Nefazodone, the Cognitive Behavioral-Analysis System of Psychotherapy, and Their Combination for the Treatment of Chronic Depression." Thanks to the New England Journal's strong disclosure standards, the authors -- all with primary affiliations at major research universities -- are required to disclose relevant financial relationships. The disclosure list was so long that the Journal chose to publish it only on their web site. We thought it striking enough both to give the authors the Lawrence Summers award and to publish the list of financial relationships in full:

Supported by Bristol-Myers Squibb. Dr. Martin Keller has served as a consultant to or received honorariums from Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Forest Laboratories/Parke-Davis, Wyeth - Ayerst, Merck, Janssen, Eli Lilly, Organon, and Pharmacia - Upjohn. He has received research grants from Wyeth - Ayerst, SmithKline Beecham, Upjohn, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck, Forest Laboratories, Zeneca, and Organon. He has served on the advisory board of Wyeth - Ayerst, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Forest Laboratories/Parke-Davis, Organon, SmithKline Beecham, Merck, Janssen, Mitsubishi Pharmaceuticals, Zeneca, Scirex, and Otsuka.

Dr. Daniel Klein has served as a consultant to Bristol-Myers Squibb.

Dr. David Dunner has served as a consultant to Bristol-Myers Squibb, SmithKline Beecham, Glaxo Wellcome, and Eli Lilly. He has received research grants from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Pharmacia - Upjohn, SmithKline Beecham, Forest Laboratories, Glaxo Wellcome, and Wyeth - Ayerst. He has received speaker's honorariums from Bristol-Myers Squibb, SmithKline Beecham, Glaxo Wellcome, Eli Lilly, Organon, and Wyeth - Ayerst.

Dr. Alan Gelenberg has received grants and research support from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Organon, Pfizer, Lilly Research Laboratories, Janssen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, SmithKline Beecham, Wyeth - Ayerst, Hoechst Marion Roussel, and Forest Laboratories. He has been a member of speakers' bureaus sponsored by Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, SmithKline Beecham, Janssen, Lilly, Forest Laboratories, and Parke-Davis. He is a stockholder or has other ownership interest in Pfizer, Warner-Lambert, and Eli Lilly. He has served as a consultant to Eli Lilly, Scios, Forest Laboratories, Parke-Davis, Pfizer, Janus Pharmaceuticals, Best Practice, and Bristol-Myers Squibb.

Dr. John Markowitz has received speaker's honorariums from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Forest Laboratories, Organon, and Pfizer.

Dr. Charles Nemeroff has been a consultant to or received honorariums from Abbott, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Forest Laboratories, Janssen, Eli Lilly, Merck, Mitsubishi, Neurocrine Biosciences, Organon, Otsuka, Pfizer, Pharmacia - Upjohn, Sanofi, SmithKline Beecham, Solvay, and Wyeth - Ayerst. He has received research support from Abbott, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Forest Laboratories, Janssen, Eli Lilly, Organon, Pfizer, Pharmacia - Upjohn, SmithKline Beecham, Solvay, and Wyeth - Ayerst.

Dr. James Russell has been a consultant to or received honorariums from Abbott, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Janssen, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, and Quintiles. He has received research support from Abbott, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Parke-Davis, Pharmacia - Upjohn, Pfizer, SmithKline Beecham, Wyeth - Ayerst, Shire, and Quintiles.

Dr. Michael Thase has served as a consultant to Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Forest Laboratories, Glaxo Wellcome/Cerenex Pharmaceuticals, Merck, Organon, Pfizer, Pharmacia - Upjohn, and Wyeth - Ayerst. He has received grant and research support from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lipha Pharmaceuticals, Merck, Organon, Pharmacia - Upjohn, and Wyeth - Ayerst. He has been a member of speakers' bureaus sponsored by Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Forest Pharmaceuticals, Glaxo Wellcome/Cerenex Pharmaceuticals, Organon, Parke-Davis, Pfizer, Pharmacia - Upjohn, SmithKline Beecham, Solvay, and Wyeth - Ayerst.

Dr. Madhukar Trivedi has received research grants from Abbott, Akzo (Organon), Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Forest Laboratories, Glaxo Wellcome, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, MeadJohnson, Parke-Davis, Pfizer, Pharmacia - Upjohn, Solvay, and Wyeth - Ayerst. He has been a member of speakers' bureaus sponsored by Bristol-Myers Squibb, Forest Laboratories, Pharmacia - Upjohn, Solvay, and Wyeth - Ayerst.

Dr. John Zajecka has received grants and research support from Abbott, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Glaxo Wellcome, Organon, Otsuka America, Parke-Davis, Pfizer, Pharmacia - Upjohn, and Sanofi Research. He has served as a consultant to or has served on the advisory board of Abbott, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Eli Lilly. He has been a member of speakers' bureaus sponsored by Abbott, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Pfizer/Roerig, SmithKline Beecham, Upjohn, and Wyeth - Ayerst.

Dr. Janice Blalock has served as a consultant to Bristol-Myers Squibb.

Dr. Charles DeBattista has been a member of speakers' bureaus sponsored by Abbott, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Forest Laboratories, Glaxo Wellcome, Parke-Davis, Pfizer, Scios, SmithKline Beecham, Wyeth - Ayerst, and Organon. He has received grants and research support from Abbott, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Forest Laboratories, Glaxo Wellcome, Pfizer, the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression, Pharmacia - Upjohn, PharmaPrint/ABA, SmithKline Beecham, and Wyeth - Ayerst. He has served as a consultant to Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Glaxo Wellcome, and PharmaPrint.

Dr. Jan Fawcett has received grants and research support from Abbott, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Glaxo, Eli Lilly, Organon, Pfizer, SmithKline Beecham, Wyeth - Ayerst, and Zeneca. He has served as a consultant to Abbott, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, EM Industries, Forest Laboratories, Glaxo Wellcome, Pfizer, Pharmacia - Upjohn, and SmithKline Beecham. He has been a member of speakers' bureaus sponsored by Abbott, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Pfizer/Roerig, Pharmacia - Upjohn, SmithKline Beecham, and Wyeth - Ayerst.

Dr. Robert Hirschfeld has received grants and research support from Abbott, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Organon, and Pfizer. He has served as a consultant to or on the advisory board of Abbott, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Glaxo Wellcome, Forest Laboratories, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, SmithKline Beecham, Janssen, Organon, Parke-Davis, and Pharmacia - Upjohn.

Dr. James Kocsis has had research contracts with Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Forest Laboratories, Eli Lilly, and Wyeth - Ayerst. He has received speaker's honorariums from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Forest Laboratories, and Eli Lilly. He owns stock in Pfizer and Forest Laboratories.

Dr. Susan Kornstein has received research grants from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, Glaxo Wellcome, Forest Laboratories, Mitsubishi Pharmaceuticals, and Biovail. She has served as a consultant to Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, and Pharmacia - Upjohn. She has received honorariums from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, and Glaxo Wellcome.

Dr. Philip Ninan has received grants and research support from Abbott, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Forest Laboratories, Organon, Pharmacia - Upjohn, SmithKline Beecham, and Solvay. He has served as a consultant to Pfizer, TAPPharma, and Wyeth - Ayerst. He has been a member of speakers' bureaus sponsored by Abbott, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Forest Laboratories, Organon, Parke-Davis, Pfizer, Pharmacia - Upjohn, SmithKline Beecham, Solvay, Janssen, and Wyeth - Ayerst.

Dr. Barbara Rothbaum has served as a consultant to Bristol-Myers Squibb and Pfizer. She has been a member of the advisory board of and a speakers' bureau sponsored by Pfizer.

Dr. John Rush has received grants and research support from Abbott, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cyberonics, Eli Lilly, Forest Laboratories/Parke-Davis, Glaxo Wellcome, Janssen, Novartis, Organon, Pfizer, Pharmacia - Upjohn, SmithKline Beecham, Wyeth - Ayerst, and Zeneca. He has served as a consultant to Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cyberonics, Eli Lilly, Forest Laboratories/Parke-Davis, Glaxo Wellcome, Janssen, Merck, Organon, Pfizer, Pharmacia - Upjohn, and Wyeth - Ayerst. He has been a member of speakers' bureaus sponsored by Abbott, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cyberonics, Eli Lilly, Forest Laboratories/Parke-Davis, Glaxo Wellcome, Organon, Pfizer, Pharmacia - Upjohn, and Wyeth - Ayerst.

Dr. Alan Schatzberg has served as a consultant to or received honorariums from Abbott, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Corcept Therapeutics, Forest Laboratories, Janssen, Eli Lilly, Merck, Mitsubishi Pharmaceuticals, Organon, Parke-Davis, Pfizer, Pharmacia - Upjohn, Sanofi, Scirex, SmithKline Beecham, Solvay, and Wyeth - Ayerst. He has received research support from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, and SmithKline Beecham. He has equity ownership in Corcept, Merck, Pfizer, and Scirex. The other authors, with no relevant financial ties, were: James McCullough, Bruce Arnow, Francis Borian, Darlene Jody, Gabor Keitner, Lorrin Koran, Rachel Manber, Ivan Miller and Dina Vivian.

Source: New England Journal of Medicine, May 18, 2000, Vol. 342, No. 20, www.nejm.org/content/2000/0342/0020/1462.asp

*In a 1991 internal memorandum, then-World Bank economist and current Deputy Secretary of Treasury Lawrence Summers argued for the transfer of waste and dirty industries from industrialized to developing countries. "Just between you and me, shouldn't the World Bank be encouraging more migration of the dirty industries to the LDCs (lesser developed countries)?" Summers wrote. "I think the economic logic behind dumping a load of toxic waste in the lowest wage country is impeccable and we should face up to that. ... I've always thought that underpopulated countries in Africa are vastly under polluted; their air quality is vastly inefficiently low [sic] compared to Los Angeles or Mexico City." Summers later said the memo was meant to be ironic.